Branding Tips For Startups: Building A Powerful Identification From The Bottom Up

If you’re a founder or PM trying to minimize by way of the noise, we’d love to share what we’ve discovered. Launching your startup with a website that captivates visitors from the moment they land on it might sound like a dream. But the truth is, with the best strategies, it’s totally achievable.

Work with a branding agency or designer to construct a constant feel and appear across your website, marketing, and product. Strong branding tells your story, builds trust, and units you aside. When listing a startup’s top business priorities, branding should all the time be included. Branding is considered one of the most essential instruments a startup can use.

When accomplished right, branding turns into your startup’s strongest progress device. Although brand improvement often begins with a devoted interval of effort, it’s ideally an ongoing, iterative process. Developing your brand shall be part of your ecommerce work trip properly past your launch. Not crafting a brand information ultimately provides you an especially brief design leash, no tools to work with, and no objective to information you. It’s exhausting to maintain it recent and constant when you’ve got nothing to design with and no method to measure success.

Social media offers a platform for engagement, sharing valuable content material, and constructing a neighborhood round your model. Instagram is a wonderful platform for visually participating along with your audience. Digital presence is essential for any enterprise prepared to promote and market its merchandise to broad audiences.

Nopio offers firm branding services, including branding for startup enterprise. Gain useful insights on successfully expressing your necessities in our article about branding RFP, and propel your brand to unprecedented levels of success. In addition to creating visual guidelines, it’s a good idea to create emotional model pointers for content material advertising, social media marketing, and any kind of marketing campaign. Keep in mind to use the guidelines throughout various distribution channels. It can be worth contemplating eliminating something that doesn’t align along with your core message.

Now that you realize why small enterprise branding matters, let’s contemplate thirteen tried and tested branding ideas to help your small business grow. They poured hundreds of thousands into promoting, making it extraordinarily troublesome for small companies to compete with them. If you want to take cost of your image, there’s no higher means to do that than crafting your personal model on LinkedIn. Communication performs an equally important half in shaping the patient’s experience. Hospitals ought to goal to have clear and comprehensible communication, ensuring sufferers are informed about their remedy options and involved in decision-making. If you want sufferers to feel heard and understood, then take the time to hear and address their considerations.

Apply this for headings, subheadings, body textual content, and any other text components. Consider pointers for on-line and offline utilization to ensure consistency. Provide guidelines for various purposes, similar to digital media, print materials, and merchandise. It’s essential to make sure that your emblem is reproduced precisely. In today’s digital age, your web site serves as the face of your model. Stay updated with market trends and adjustments in client conduct.

If you need to see how it’s down, I’ve got you lined with a quick case study. By understanding this, you’re higher positioned to make strategic choices that may assist develop your model. From engagement, you’ll move alongside to your competitor’s content promotion strategy.

There’s additionally the actual danger that you discover yourself utilizing the same stock images as certainly one of your competitors. This will significantly undermine your brand positioning and the work you’ve put in to spotlight your unique selling proposition. Original, genuine photographs may even allow you to to seize your brand’s tradition. It doubles up as a method to present the way you actively incorporate your values into your corporation operations. As many as 79% of customers say that they instantly work together with manufacturers in other methods like reading their content.

It can also be essential to utilize social media platforms and different on-line tools to attach with potential customers and promote your small business. Building your brand from the bottom up with the help of a startup branding agency is a key strategy for any new enterprise that wants to succeed. This choice can have a huge effect on how your organization grows and positions itself available in the market. Most startups spend between $5,000 and $50,000 on branding, relying on scope, agency charges, and deliverables. Basic branding packages (logo, colors, typography) might cost less, whereas full model technique and identity systems price extra. Early-stage startups typically begin small and scale their model as they develop.

This is what you must be aiming for if you want to perfect your branding. While different perspectives beyond these four can be dug into, the primary level right here is to take your model identification significantly. Once you’ve developed your brand and your small business has been up and operating for some time, it’s a good suggestion to check in regularly with a brand audit every six months or every year.

These campaigns bolstered their mission of spreading gratitude by serving to companies foster stronger relationships with personalized appreciation. When you think of your favourite companies, what involves mind? It’s probably not just their products or services however the emotions they evoke — the belief, connection, and inspiration they carry to your life. For small and medium businesses (SMBs), branding is even more important. It’s your chance to inform your story, differentiate yourself in a aggressive market, and construct relationships that last.

By meticulously crafting these experiences, startups can create a loyal buyer base that not solely returns but also advocates for the model in the broader neighborhood. This technique of prioritizing customer satisfaction can set a Long Island startup apart in a competitive landscape, making it a beloved native and even national model. Your web site serves as the digital storefront on your startup, and as such, it’s paramount that its design isn’t only functional but in addition reflective of your model identification.

branding tips for startups

In contrast, generic marketing methods for established companies might prioritize maintaining market presence and having more intensive resources and broader customer bases. In conclusion, data-driven selections have become essential for tech and digital advertising startups. By harnessing the ability of analytics, startups can achieve useful insights into their clients, measure the success of their advertising efforts, and make knowledgeable decisions to drive development. With the proper data and analytics instruments, startups can stay forward of the competition and optimize their marketing methods for achievement within the ever-evolving digital landscape.

From graphic design to web site growth and social media posts, consistency is essential to establishing a robust model presence. You also can incorporate a strong brand identification together with your marketing strategy. In essence, branding is not only about aesthetics; it’s about making a basis for long-term success. As Steve Jobs once stated, “A model is solely trust.” For startups, constructing that trust from the outset is essential to reaching growth and securing funding. For startups looking for funding, branding performs a pivotal role within the pitch process.

That’s why it’s essential to take the time to know your audience earlier than you develop your brand technique. Once you may have a deep understanding of your viewers, you can start to craft a model strategy that resonates with them. Each of those channels will specific your brand and herald helpful info from your audiences about how your business is perceived. According to recent research, solely 30% of all new companies get a solid chance to outlive the competition and see through the first obstacles of their path. Only one out of three entrepreneurs are managed to set their companies on the right trajectory, elevate much-needed first capital and get the products or services out the door. Such dedication results in greater productiveness, decrease turnover, and constant brand message delivery.

A well-crafted emblem not only boosts brand recognition but additionally nurtures customer belief and loyalty, ultimately driving sales and encouraging model progress. Creating engaging visual branding starts with a powerful brand design that displays your company’s identity. This clarity helps you differentiate your small firm branding from competitors. Consider participating your staff on this course of; various insights can enrich your model voice. Actively seeking feedback from customers, stakeholders, and staff members offers invaluable insights. This suggestions turns into the uncooked material for refinement and iteration, guaranteeing that your model technique remains conscious of the evolving wants of your viewers.

Once you’ve an understanding of your function and personality you will also be ready to create a brand brand that accurately encapsulates what your model stands for. Listen to what is being mentioned and use it to determine how you speak about your brand and successfully talk your brand promise. Just bear in mind no matter it’s, ensure it’s what you might be recognized for it. For suggestions and methods on tips on how to make customer interviews be good for you give our post on ‘why buyer interviews are key to supporting growth’ a read. We’re here to tell you a great brand doesn’t require copious quantities of investment. Instead it requires anchoring the feel and appear of your model in your core enterprise technique.

Moreover, branding is not a luxurious that might be deferred to a later stage. In the early stages, branding helps startups create a clear and compelling value proposition that pulls early adopters. It additionally plays a important function in shaping the shopper expertise, which is crucial for building loyalty and advocacy.

Figuring this out is not just a “nice-to-have.” It’s what makes your communication constant, which in flip builds familiarity and belief. When your voice is stable, clients really feel like they know who they’re talking to, no matter the place they interact with you. A truly useful consumer persona is more than just an age and placement; it dives deep into the motivations, frustrations, and objectives of your ideal buyer. This helps your complete staff build empathy and keep targeted on who they’re really serving. It’s a promise of quality, a promise of a sure expertise, and a promise of a solution to their drawback.

It’s crucial to make certain that your brand identification is correctly implemented in your web site. The colors in your brand aren’t just for appears; they converse volumes. For example, blue tones can build a way of belief and professionalism, while brilliant oranges give off creativity and excitement. Whether you’re aiming for friendly, bold, quirky, or polished, make sure it aligns with your brand’s persona and speaks to your perfect audience.

branding tips for startups

Here, you will learn how to ease the method with a branding agency for startups and sensible recommendations on constructing a memorable model that has an impact. By the end, you’ll learn to construct a model that speaks the language of your clients and the means it will assist your startup to develop. Utilizing mediums like Unique promoting points helps construction your message successfully, making certain that the core essence of your brand just isn’t misplaced in translation. Remember, readability is key-your audience should perceive your USP at a look.

For startups, working with the right branding agency can make the distinction between getting lost within the crowd and standing out as a game-changer. Good branding touches each point the place prospects meet your company. This includes visual parts like logos and colours, plus intangible aspects like customer experience and firm values. Startup advertising businesses bring specialized skills and methods to help startups improve their web optimization efforts. By focusing on customized strategies, advertising channels, and steady adaptation, they enable businesses to construct sustainable on-line visibility.

Having one readily available when you’re networking or attending occasions makes you look professional and prepared, plus makes it easy for you to share your information. Make positive to take photos of your products in essential photographs, corresponding to white background shots, lifestyle images, close-up shots, group shots, and packaging shots. These are the pictures you want at a minimal to showcase your product effectively. Your brand identification can also set you apart from others that have related concepts.

Always concentrate on constructing an identity which is exclusive, identifiable, and differentiable. Audience research is akin to detective work, the place clues are scattered across numerous channels ready to be unearthed. The methods are as various because the viewers itself, from surveys and interviews to social media analytics and website knowledge.

Their strategy blends content material advertising, public relations, and progress advertising to maximise brand exposure and credibility. Branding belongings are components that contribute to the overall brand identification or image of a business. These include visual (logo, colors), verbal (brand voice, tagline) or digital (website, social media templates). Social media is a powerful device for tech startups to construct brand awareness and connect with their viewers. A tagline is a succinct phrase that encapsulates your startup’s mission or distinctive selling proposition, making it a key component of your branding technique. It should be brief, catchy, and aligned along with your brand’s core message.

Collaborating with influencers who resonate with your goal area of interest can tremendously improve your brand improvement course of. Since 61% of consumers belief influencer suggestions over traditional advertising, this strategy can amplify your social media strategies for private branding. Engaging influencers with devoted follower bases permits you to tap into particular segments, rising your conversion charges. Furthermore, campaigns using influencer marketing can yield as a lot as eleven occasions the ROI of traditional methods. If carried out right, startup branding can attract clients and traders, construct belief, communicate your mission, and create a real connection with your audience. Engaging with influencer advertising hub platforms, collaborating with startup agencies, and leveraging social media content material creation might help earn high-quality backlinks.

Your model shouldn’t just be a hole entity, it ought to imply one thing, and your prospects should see what it means. This isn’t straightforward to do, however all the best corporations try to do that when they’re beginning out. You should have a completely rounded thought of who your goal buyer is and how you’re going to connect with them. It might sound ridiculous but drawing up a plan of what your ideal customer seems like, thinks about and does in his or her free time may help attain them higher.

That clarity then trickles down into every thing you do – from growing your product to operating your advertising campaigns. Formulate your underlying core message all through all your channels and buyer stages. The most effective messages are easy and resonate emotionally with the audience. From this core message, develop content for each channel and stage throughout the brand fashion guidelines.

The firm’s success heavily depends on the well-developed brand technique and the corporate’s willingness to realize each stage. When your business is at the early stage of its lifecycle, and you seek various ways to level out off, it is easy to miss essential parts that form a solid basis for your small business. One of such things is a brand identification and everything pertinent to the case. But hey, let’s not neglect that branding isn’t just a one-time splash. It’s building one thing that sticks around and sings your brand’s tune lengthy after the primary impression. It’s this awesome mix of creativity, sticking to your weapons, and shaking things up simply the right amount.

For instance, Instagram is a highly visual platform, so creating visually appealing content material is important. Twitter, on the opposite hand, is better suited for quick, snappy messages. It’s also essential to use hashtags strategically to extend visibility and attain a wider audience.

For instance, I was as quickly as part of a startup specializing in sustainable packaging. Initially, we thought our audience was just environmentally-conscious shoppers. But as soon as we dug deeper, we found niche segments—from eco-minded mother and father to small companies seeking to enhance their green credentials. Tech startups function in a fast-moving world, where new tendencies, technologies, and opponents emerge continually. Creating a powerful, adaptable model is essential to face out and build belief.

It could be the web site, social media, or other built-in advertising. This dynamic strategy of differentiating your startup does not finish with figuring out and speaking your USP. The market and client preferences are repeatedly evolving. Therefore, frequently evaluating and refining your value proposition is important to staying related and competitive.

A strong visual identification is the inspiration of a startup’s brand, shaping how it’s perceived and remembered. It goes beyond a beautiful image – this highly effective device conveys your brand’s personality, values, and mission at a look. To effectively enhance viewers engagement, employing cross-channel advertising can play a pivotal function in connecting together with your audience. By utilizing multiple platforms, like Instagram and e-mail, you elevate brand awareness and guarantee a constant message. Omnichannel methods can result in a 91% higher buyer retention fee, reinforcing your brand in advertising. Utilize the strengths of every channel—visual storytelling on Instagram and detailed info on websites—to maximize engagement.

In easy terms, this implies offering a great customer service expertise that will help visitors extra simply make a buying determination. Display clear, consistent colour palettes and fonts, bright photographs, charts, and so forth. to make the process simple to navigate. When a buyer has a constructive expertise on your site, it builds belief in your brand, and they are going to be extra prone to purchase from you again sooner or later. Your brand can also allow you to turn into more visible to potential customers, buyers, and partners. A successful branding technique will give your startup a aggressive edge and improve the probability of your success. The founders engaged immediately with prospects to add a private and genuine touch to their interactions.

Finally, participating with candidates by way of tailored employer branding content material is a vital step in constructing your startup’s on-line presence. This content material helps set up a deeper connection with potential workers and fosters engagement. Effectively focusing on niche audiences is crucial for manufacturers aiming to improve their attain and engagement.

But what many individuals don’t know is that the brand was built on a robust narrative about altering the way we reside our lives. Steve Jobs’ famous “Think Different” marketing campaign was primarily based on this concept, and it helped Apple turn into some of the profitable firms in history. Creating a strong narrative on your startup is necessary because it can assist to define your brand and make it stand out from the competitors. A sturdy narrative should be clear, concise, and attention-grabbing to your audience. It must also be communicated consistently throughout all channels.

That means on average, 137,000 startups are launched daily. Some good ways to spice up engagement are to reply to publish comments, reply to direct messages, and instigate conversation through Instagram stories or posts. Users who are seeing your small business have interaction with others are extra doubtless to need to get entangled and go away a comment of their very own, boosting your general engagement.

In this article, I’ll explain the way to use LinkedIn to construct your private model in three steps, that includes some recommendation from my own journey and other experts. Karla is a writer and graphic designer with a history of working in healthcare advertising. There’s nothing new beneath the sun — but that doesn’t mean you can’t do old things in new methods. A quality model identity allows you to establish exactly why you do issues in a different way (and better) than everyone else. That doesn’t need to be a nasty thing, but it’s positively something to concentrate to and make a aware choice about. In other words, your model exists within the mind of your buyer, and it’s a result of everything your business does that makes an impression on them.

As market calls for shifted toward digital branding and sustainability, we recalibrated our offerings to stay relevant. Client feedback played a significant position in this evolution—our willingness to adapt helped us develop and serve our prospects better. When I launched Inkbot Design, following these steps was transformative. By specializing in our mission to empower businesses by way of branding, we created cohesive messaging that resonated with our audience—resulting in real connections and actual development. Imagine walking into a restaurant the place the menu adjustments each time you go to.

It’s also in regards to the font you utilize, your site’s shade scheme, and the overall visual enchantment of your content material. Branding efforts directly impact workers, particularly those in small companies. As a company’s model awareness grows, employees turn out to be more proud and willing to advocate for the group — some may even turn into unofficial model ambassadors. That’s the facility of good branding, and small companies want it the most. As more prospects recognize your model, you’ll set up credibility, gain their trust, and enhance your conversion rates.

However, you will need to speculate upfront in equipment and huge portions of material to be cost-effective. Other main costs embody transport fees and a advertising price range. Getting clear on your business strategy will assist you to decide how a lot time, effort, and funding might be wanted to make your clothing model happen. Building a clothes model takes equal amounts of technique and creativity. Learn from a Project Runway alum the means to establish prospects and hone your style.

The firm name has to be in all places, from the headquarters (visual model environment), through the stamps and enterprise card to the web site area. Let’s dive into the ultimate steps on this branding odyssey—taking those crucial first steps and committing to continuous model development. Find a niche the place you can stand out and ship tailored solutions.

However, creating this shareable content is turning into more durable than ever. Today, solely the best content that really deserves to get shared, will get shared. Therefore I would counsel you see what your top opponents are doing on their social media. Take a have a look at the previous three months and see which posts received essentially the most engagement.

Social media interactions are naturally personal, which is why you need every one of your social activities to bolster your brand’s persona. Email campaigns also wants to be carefully crafted to constantly mirror your company’s identity. Your web site is usually the primary actual encounter potential buyers and clients have together with your startup. We develop responsive, user-friendly designs that echo your brand’s visual identity and messaging. By combining intuitive navigation with partaking visuals, we guarantee every visitor’s online journey displays the progressive, forward-thinking nature of your startup. Your startup’s identification is more than aesthetics; it’s your story, mission, and values.

We perceive that your model is your most precious asset, and we’re here that will assist you protect and elevate it with the proper domain. Startups that focus on specific buyer segments earlier than scaling to broader audiences construct stronger preliminary traction. Use user-generated content, boards, and occasions to co-create your model with your group.

Maybe TikTok and Reddit are where you need to appeal to new clients, whereas YouTube is the place you need to speak to present ones. Perhaps there’s a seasonality to your small business, so you must plan your content calendar across the peaks and valleys of your gross sales season. Articulate what unique value your brand provides to clients and the place that fits inside your market or niche. By constructing an genuine model persona with a real voice and tone, you’re actively engaging along with your clients on a deeper stage. Needless to say, there are many affordable and straightforward options to enhance your employer brand. While it might not have been a precedence before, hopefully  you now perceive the importance of employer branding for startups.

Having a blog can also allow you to build a better relationship with your customers. It provides you a chance to show your personality and share your ideas. And, blogs additionally can help to make your website look more skilled and trustworthy.

Data, no matter how accurate, is ineffective with out correct analysis. And correct evaluation isn’t attainable if every thing is a muddle. Get branding ideas and professional recommendation delivered straight to your inbox.

Your trusted information to the AI revolution, Decoding AI brings collectively builders and operators to empower you with the finest studying ecosystem for synthetic intelligence. But after they first launched in 2008, it was word-of-mouth marketing through private invitations that drew the primary builders to the platform. Use a colour scheme that works throughout both digital and print media. Test your palette for accessibility, making sure textual content remains legible against background colours. Create variations of your brand, such as a full version, an icon-only mark, and a monochrome option.

Look also to the market to see what customers are willing to pay for a brand like yours. Competitive research will allow you to establish a pricing technique that is according to the market. Starting a clothes line requires most of the identical concerns as beginning any enterprise.

When you construct an arsenal of design, on-brand advertising messages, and actionable pointers, crafting a advertising funnel becomes a breeze. It’s important to get your entire group involved in your employer branding technique. Instead of paying out the wazoo for paid ads on social, encourage your staff to share content on their personal channels, however don’t make it a requirement. Create a contest to see who can come up with the best or most participating copy for social. You also can create content material for them to repurpose to make sharing even simpler for them.

Based on the content material, brand worth, message, and mission, you should select instruments for communication. There are completely different aspects to develop; nevertheless, you should design name, logotype, and tagline on the minimum. Building a standout model has never been extra crucial for startups. In 2025, with competition fiercer than ever, progressive branding isn’t only a luxury—it’s a necessity. As emerging companies navigate a quickly evolving digital landscape, the way in which we connect with audiences must be smarter, extra authentic, and deeply resonant. As a startup, it’s tempting to copy and paste the advertising strategies and progress hacking ways of the massive manufacturers.

The client recognizes the brand via these signals, though the built-in technique may use an approach that differs from the brand’s core marketing campaign. Today, nearly everyone looks for businesses on-line first – so having an online presence is essential to your branding efforts! Be certain to optimize your website and social media profiles, and spend money on search engine marketing methods so you can reach extra prospects by way of their searches. Thrive in today’s startup sphere by marrying innovation with a model identification that resonates on a human stage. Recognize that your audience craves authenticity—show them your genuine mission, highlight your collective passions, and reveal the milestones you’ve conquered. Startup branding isn’t nearly a memorable logo or snappy tagline.

It goes past just a brand or name—it’s about shaping perceptions, creating emotional connections, and guaranteeing long-term enterprise progress. Relying too heavily on external businesses in the preliminary phases is a frequent mistake. While agencies could be helpful later on, they could be too detached from the core values and essence of the startup to create an authentic brand identification in its formative levels.

It outlines the essential aspects involved in crafting a cohesive and recognizable brand picture. Starting with understanding the brand’s values and conducting thorough analysis, it defines model attributes and creates temper boards to visually characterize the desired aesthetic. Key components such as brand design, typography, shade palette, and imagery are highlighted, emphasizing the significance of consistency throughout completely different brand touchpoints. One of the most effective ways to construct a powerful brand and attain potential clients is thru focused press releases in top business publications. Your startup’s brand has both an internal position and an exterior one.

Think about it, shopper behaviour is driven by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. Identifying these influences early can help you determine a robust brand id that resonates along with your goal consumer from the get-go. By following these basic branding tips, startups can build a robust and recognizable model that pulls and retains prospects. Branding is an ongoing course of, so constantly consider and refine your efforts to remain related and competitive in your business.

So should you’re looking for an accurate method to measure model awareness, direct site visitors ought to be your go-to metric. By encouraging workers to turn out to be advocates on your brand, you’ll be able to successfully attain an expanded network of potential customers. This helps to construct trust and confidence amongst shoppers, as they’ll see your organization as being backed by knowledgeable, enthusiastic people who believe in what you do. Additionally, having knowledgeable workers on board may even help in answering any questions or issues that potential clients might have about your products or services.

KPIs allow them to measure the long-term performance of their marketing initiatives and compare these to their competitors’ efforts. DHL’s 2024 Purchasing Behavior Report found that 52% of buyers across the globe report shopping for on-line a minimal of once a week. With over 1 billion users worldwide, LinkedIn provides unprecedented opportunities to succeed in and interact along with your target audience. Regular evaluation helps you keep forward of developments and adapt your methods accordingly. As I’m positive you can inform, aggressive analysis is advanced — particularly when you’re assessing a quantity of companies and merchandise concurrently. Evaluate your competitor’s social media presence and engagement charges to see the way you examine and where you presumably can enhance.

This means utilizing the same visuals, messaging, and tone throughout all platforms. For example, if you are a luxurious fashion model, your tone might be elegant and unique. However, if you are a startup aimed toward young adults, your tone could be extra informal and fun. Use adjectives that precisely describe your company and select a tone that aligns together with your values. Before you begin branding your corporation, it’s essential to do your research.

Startups may have an thought about what their target audience is, but after the initial launch, it may be clear that the major target has changed. Although this is a regular a half of the startup process, this could impression your branding. Collaborating with other companies and brands may help increase your exposure and construct credibility together with your target audience. Look for companies or influencers in your business that complement your model and can help you reach your target market. For instance, if you’re a health instructor, collaborating with a nutritionist or wellness influencer might assist entice new clients who are excited about well being and fitness. When creating content material for social media, it’s important to contemplate the platform and your target audience.

At its core, branding for tech startups is about crafting a distinct narrative that resonates with their target market, fostering trust, credibility, and loyalty. Additionally, they can use this knowledge to inform their advertising efforts, developing more practical strategies that higher interact with customers and assist raise model visibility. Ultimately, by specializing in brand mentions as a key metric for measuring effectiveness, businesses can increase their bottom line by increasing gross sales and market share.

She writes about AI/ML and cloud computing—covering every little thing from prompt engineering greatest practices to the best cloud monitoring tools. Depending in your tech product and whether it’s applicable, ask users for screenshots or to simply share how they use your software. Remember, customer reviews—both written and video—are also a type of UGC. These information classes can be used to current instructional materials about your product, reply questions during a Q For instance, coming into worldwide markets may require changes to language, cultural references, and even product naming.

Whether you select to undergo each step or simply sample from a number of sections is as a lot as you. The level is to gather enough information to understand the competitors so you possibly can lead the pack somewhat than simply making an attempt to remain ahead of the curve. Gain insights, see tendencies and get real-time updates if you securely hyperlink or manually add your brokerage accounts. Steps to Writing a Brand Communication StrategyWe’ve damaged down the writing process right into a pre-writing step and 6 easy-to-follow steps, with ideas from Anat Baron.